An Isocyanate Blood Test checks for isocyanate poisoning. Exposure to isocyanates may cause bronchitis with initial symptoms of throat irritation, laryngitis, coughing, and chest pain or tightness. Asthma (with symptoms of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath) may also follow exposure to isocyanates. Other effects associated with isocyanate exposure are hypersensitive pneumonitis, chronic pulmonary disease, and contact dermatitis (following direct skin contact).
Between 2% and 15% of all asthma associated with industry is attributed to occupational exposure to chemicals. Increases in acid specific antibody levels are correlated with elevations in exposure.
TDI, MDI, and HDI are three of the most frequently used isocyanates in industry. The isocyanates are used primarily as starting materials for a variety of manufacturing processes, including the production of plastics, polyurethane, foams, and electrical wire insulation. Isocyanates are also common components of paints and other durable and protective finishes, adhesives, and elastomers in automobile bumpers, printing rolls, and coated fabrics. Exposure can occur at any stage from the initial manufacturer of the isocyanates to their final use in various production processes. Exposure can also occur from the application of paints and polyurethanes, from the handling and machining of foams, and from the combustion of these materials.
An Isocyanate Blood test checks for human antibodies to the following isocyanates: Hexamethylene diisocyanate; methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; and toluene diisocyanate.
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